Defining relative clauses exercise 1 make one sentence from the two short ones. Defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way as to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. Diagonal 26, 1r 1a 0006 arcelona edifici indsor, entre ia augusta i rambla catalunya seu 1 via ugusta 6 s. They are introduced by a relative pronoun like that, which, who, whose, where and when. The pronoun is required, even when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause. Nondefining relative clauses give us extra information about someone or something. Heres a list of all the relative clause exercises on the site. Nondefining relative clauses defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. School of english defining and nondefining relative clauses exercise school of english oficines centrals. The relative pronoun can define the subject or the object of the verb. Exercise school of english defining and nondefining. You may remove the relative pronoun and reduce your sentence in certain conditions. You can see if a relative clause is defining or nondefining by removing it from the sentence. An important type of subordinate clause is the relative clause.
In defining clauses, we can omit the relative pronoun in the position of object. We dont need a relative pronoun, because the first word in the relative clause. Defining clauses defining clauses specify define which personthinganimal is meant. Prepositions in relative clauses when there is a preposition in a defining relative clause this can go before the relative pronoun or at the end of the clause. Defining relative clause we use defining relative clause to define which person or thing the speaker is referring to.
I caught a ride with tony, whose car barely made it up the hill. Commas are not used to separate defining relative clauses from the rest of the sentence. Otherwise, we may not be able to figure out which person or thing the speaker is talking about. Relative clauses are usually introduced by a relative pronoun usually who, which, that, but when, where and whose are also possible with defining relative clauses we can use who or that to talk about people. Amelia, mother is from shanghai, speaks english and chinese fluently. Without the defining relative clause we do not know which film or man is being spoken about. A relative clause is a clause that usually modifies a noun or noun phrase and is introduced by a relative pronoun which, that, who, whom, whose, a relative adverb where, when, why, or a zero relative. The man who wants to talk to you is waiting for you. Relative clauses in english exercises advanced level esl.
The relative pronoun is the subject of the relative clause. Bbc learning english quiznet nondefining relative clauses. Defining and nondefinining relative clauses exercises pdf. I broke the plate which that was a wedding present.
Make one sentence by changing the sentence in italics into a defining relative clause. Apr 15, 2019 clauses and phrases is a unique chapter to read to learn english grammar which is read under chapter clauses in english grammar. Grammar exercise 4 defining and nondefining relative clauses we use relative clauses to give additional information. Today teacher robin will be explaining relative clauses to us in english. Defining relative clauses defining relative clauses carry essential information, because they identify which thing or person we are talking about, and they are used without commas this is the music which was used at the show. Relative pronouns and clauses in english grammar exercises. Both that and which can be used in this relative clause and the pronoun can be left out because there is a subject. The letter thatwhich peter has sent to you is in the drawer. Relative clauses which give extra information, as in the example sentences above, must be separated off by commas. Anaphoric elements in relative clauses relative clauses are so called because they are related by their form to an antecedent. The man who lives beside us is ill the video which you recommended was terrific.
This relative clauses worksheet helps students to practice defining relative clauses with who, which, where and when. Theres a boy in grade 8 whose father is a professional tennis player. This includes main clause examples with clauses and phrases exercises and worksheet. Relative clauses nondefining relative clauses grammar. The relative pronoun can be the subject or the object of the relative clause. This is the picture whichthat caused such a sensation.
Restrictive relative clauses are also called defining relative clauses. Defining vs nondefining relative clauses in a defining relative clause the information is essential to identify who or what we are talking about, whereas in nondefining relative clauses we just add extra the information, which is not necessary. Fernandez carmona, english grammar with exercises, longman, 2000. If you remove a nondefining relative clause, the sentence still has the same meaning. Defining and nondefining relative clauses test english. Exercise school of english defining and nondefining relative. It has a subject and verb, but cant stand alone as a sentence. We can use that in defining relative clauses we can use that instead of. We reduce it by omitting the subject of the dependent clause and the be form of the verb. The relative clause is closed off by commas and is quite similar to information in brackets. The first case is more formal and there we cant omit the relative, we cant use that, and we use whom instead of. My brother who lives in cardiff is much older than me. If you remove a defining relative clause, the sentence has a different meaning or is incomplete.
Clauses and phrases is a unique chapter to read to learn english grammar which is read under chapter clauses in english grammar. Relative clauses introduction there are two types of relative clauses. In nondefining relative clauses, you cannot replace other pronouns with that. Have they found the prisoner who escaped last week. Nondefining relative clauses are not used in spoken english. A noun clause is a type of dependent clause that acts as a noun in the sentence. A relative clause can be used to give additional information about a noun. Defining relative clauses 1 in pdf here defining relative clauses 2 in pdf here defining relative clauses 3 in pdf here defining relative clauses 4 in pdf here go to the main relative clauses explanation page here. Relative clauses are generally introduced by a relative pronoun, such as who, or which. Discover what defining and nondefining means and learn how to use them with examples. Buckingham palace, the queen of england lives, is in the. Relative clauses defining relative clauses grammar. There are defining and non defining relative sentences.
However, it cannot stand alone as a complete thought. A relative clause is an added part in a sentence that is used in relation to the main sentence. Without this information, it would be difficult to know who or what is meant. Dec 19, 2009 practice on the defining and nondefining relative clauses. The sentence in italics should become the relative clause. Defining relative clauses are composed of a relative pronoun sometimes omitted, a verb, and optional other. Here, the underlined portion is the independent clause that can stand. It isnt essential for understanding who or what we are talking about. This smartphone, i bought last week, takes great photos.
You also cannot leave out the relative pronoun in nondefining relative clauses, in the way you sometimes can in defining relative clauses. It can be used in a defining relative clause to define the noun it supports. Defining relative pronouns exercise people that who whom owners whose things that which places where when the relative pronoun is an object, it can be omitted except with whose and where. It is sometimes called an adjective clause because it functions like an adjectiveit gives more information about a noun.
A clause of this kind is essential to the clear understanding of the noun. The relative pronouns where and when are used with place and time nouns. Nonrestrictive relative clauses are also called nondefining relative clauses in both restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses, the relative pronoun can act as the subject or object. A relative clause always begins with a relative pronoun, which substitutes for a noun, a noun. Relative clauses that give additional information are called defining. Should we use a defining relative clause or a nondefining relative clause. The relative pronoun that cannot be used to introduce an extrainformation nondefining clause about a person. A noun clause will always contain a subject and a verb. The verb in adjective clause must be singular if the subject of the relative pronoun refers to a singular noun.
If plural, then the verb will be in the plural form. Defining and non defining relative clauses exercises pdf. Complete the sentences with relative pronouns or relative adverbs. Generally, there are two types of relative clauses. Relative clauses give us information about the person or thing mentioned. Remember that the defining clause is not separated from the rest of the sentence by a commacommas. Complete the sentences with whose, who, which, or where. Relative clauses pdf quiz relative clauses worksheet relative clauses pdf exercises defining and. There is no difference in meaning between these, though who tends to be preferred in more formal use. Students begin with a gapfill exercise where they complete sentences by choosing the correct relative pronouns. Nondefining relative pronouns exercise three things about nondefining relative clauses. The stairs whichthat lead to the cellar are rather slippery. Nondefining relative clauses do not define or identify the noun. A defining relative clause gives essential information about the noun or noun phrase it modifies, without which the sentence wouldnt make sense as the listener or reader would not be able to identify the noun in the sentence the hotel that we stayed in wasnt bad.
Defining relative clauses exercise 3 make one sentence by changing the sentence in italics into a defining relative clause. Mar, 2016 mix play all mix aprende ingles con marcos youtube como usar las defining and non defining clauses en ingles duration. In the overt case the relative clause is marked by the presence of one of the relative words who, whom, whose. Relative clauses definition and examples in english.
Nondefining relative clauses are placed after nouns which are definite already. Next weekend im going to glasgow, where my sister lives. Turn the underlined sentence into a relative clause. Relative pronouns have the same form when they refer to masculine, feminine, singular or plural nouns. Here we need the relative pronoun which, because it is a nondefining relative clause and the first word after the pronoun is a verb. A clause of this kind is essential to clear understanding of the noun. However, sometimes a relative clause is so important that the main sentence will be difficult to understand or have no meaning without it. Dublin, is the capital of ireland, is my favourite city. The relative pronoun whose is used in place of the possessive pronoun. Here we are providing you with clauses definition, clauses meaning, and all types of clauses and some clauses examples with clauses exercises. Exercises with answers and grammar rules with examples. Relative pronouns relative pronouns introduce relative clauses. Defining and nondefining relative clauses intermediate.
Defining relative clauses are composed of a relative pronoun sometimes omitted, a verb, and optional other elements such as the subject or object of the verb. A defining relative clause also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses gives essential information about the noun or noun phrase it modifies, the purpose of a defining relative clause is to clearly define who or what we are talking about. Object of a verb which or that or no relative at all. If the defining relative clause were removed from the sentence, the sentence would still be gramatically correct, but its meaning would have changed significantly. The following relative pronouns are used in defining relative clauses. Exercise 1 defining relative clauses solutions oxford.
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